AI Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed 769 wheat kernels from six Chinese provinces for the presence of beauvericin (BEA) and four enniatins (ENNs) using advanced testing methods.
- The results found BEA to be the most prevalent toxin, with concentrations varying significantly, while ENB was noted to be present in higher amounts than ENA.
- There was a notable co-occurrence of BEA and ENNs in the samples, with almost 43% showing multiple toxins, suggesting widespread contamination in Chinese wheat.
Article Abstract
A total of 769 wheat kernels collected from six provinces in China were analyzed for beauvericin (BEA) and four enniatins (ENNs), namely, ENA, ENA, ENB and ENB, using a solid phase extraction (SPE) technique with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results show that the predominant toxin was BEA, which had a maximum of 387.67 μg/kg and an average of 37.69 μg/kg. With regard to ENNs, the prevalence and average concentrations of ENB and ENB were higher than those of ENA and ENA. The geographical distribution of BEA and ENNs varied. Hubei and Shandong exhibited the highest and lowest positive rates of BEA and ENNs (13.46% and 87.5%, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed among these six provinces. There was a co-occurrence of BEA and ENNs, and 42.26% of samples were simultaneously detected with two or more toxins. Moreover, a significant linear correlation in concentrations was observed between the four ENN analogs ( range: 0.75~0.96, < 0.05). This survey reveals that the contamination and co-contamination of BEA and ENNs in Chinese wheat kernels were very common.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11280995 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16070290 | DOI Listing |
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