Insights into Colonization in Cystic Fibrosis and Cross-Transmission between Patients and Hospital Environments.

Background: Approximately 60% of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are affected by infection. This condition is correlated with a decline in lung function and is identified as an independent risk factor contributing to hospital admissions among CF patients. This study investigates the dynamic interplay of within the context of CF patients, tracing its evolution over time, with a specific emphasis on colonization dynamics.

Methods: An analysis was conducted on 83 sequential isolates derived from sputum samples of six patients receiving care at a renowned CF hospital in Brazil. Employing microsatellite genotyping techniques, alongside an investigation into 51A gene mutations, this research sheds light on the genetic variations, colonization, and resistance of within the CF respiratory environment.

Results: Our research findings indicate that CF patients can harbor strains from the same clonal complexes for prolonged periods. Additionally, we identified that clinical isolates have the potential to spread among patients in the same healthcare facility, evidencing hospital contamination. Two patients who underwent long-term Itraconazole treatment did not show phenotypic resistance. However, one of these patients exhibited mutations in the 51A gene, indicating the need to monitor resistance to azoles in these patients colonized for long periods by . We also observed co-colonization or co-infection involving multiple genotypes in all patients over time.

Conclusion: This comprehensive examination offers valuable insights into the pathogenesis of infections in CF patients, potentially shaping future therapeutic strategies and management approaches. This enhanced understanding contributes to our knowledge of impact on disease progression in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Additionally, the study provides evidence of cross-contamination among patients undergoing treatment at the same hospital.