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A Novel Microbe, Immunization Deaths, and Vaccination on Trial: BCG and the Lübeck Disaster of 1930.
Am Surg
January 2025
Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA.
Today's controversies of gain-of-function virological research and mRNA COVID vaccination policies had an antecedent nearly a century ago in an event often referred to as "the Lübeck disaster." From April through September 1930, 77 newborn infants in Lübeck, Germany, died after receiving oral BCG immunizations tainted with active human . The tragedy threatened to end BCG immunizations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIV-1 single transcription start site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.
bioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
HIV-1 transcription initiates at two positions, generating RNAs with either 1G or 3G 5' ends. The replication fates of these RNAs di\er, with viral particles encapsidating almost exclusively 1G RNAs and 3G RNAs retained in cells where they are enriched on polysomes and among spliced viral RNAs. Here, we studied replication properties of virus promoter mutants that produced only one RNA 5' isoform or the other: separately, in combination, and during spreading infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe respective roles of TMPRSS2 and cathepsins for SARS-CoV-2 infection in human respiratory organoids.
J Virol
November 2024
Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Unlabelled: A critical aspect of the mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the protease-mediated activation of the viral spike (S) protein. The type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung epithelial Calu-3 cells and murine airways. However, the importance of TMPRSS2 needs to be re-examined because the ability to utilize TMPRSS2 is significantly reduced in the Omicron variants that spread globally.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntisera-Neutralizing Capacity of a Highly Evolved Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus from an Immunodeficient Patient.
Viruses
November 2024
Department of Industrial Transformation, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650000, China.
Article Synopsis
- The serotype 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) can revert and lead to vaccine-derived poliovirus, posing a threat to eradication efforts, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
- A study analyzed changes in specific amino acids within the virus's structure that affect its ability to be neutralized by immune serum from vaccinated individuals.
- The findings indicate that mutations in the virus significantly reduce the effectiveness of antibodies, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of immunocompromised populations and maintaining high vaccination rates in these communities.
BK polyomavirus serotype-specific antibody responses in blood donors and kidney transplant recipients with and without new-onset BK polyomavirus-DNAemia: A Swiss Transplant Cohort Study.
Am J Transplant
November 2024
Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) causes premature renal failure in 10% to 30% of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Current guidelines recommend screening for new-onset BKPyV-DNAemia/nephropathy and reducing immunosuppression to regain BKPyV-specific immune control. Because BKPyV encompasses 4 major genotype (gt)-encoded serotypes (st1,-2,-3,-4), st-specific antibodies may inform the risk and course of BKPyV-DNAemia/nephropathy.
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