Bioassay-guided isolation of leishmanicidal cucurbitacins from .

Introduction: Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease, is regarded as a major public health problem worldwide. The first-line drugs for leishmaniasis suffer from limitations related to toxicity and the development of resistance in certain parasitic strains. Therefore, the discovery of alternative treatments for leishmaniasis is imperative, and natural products represent a valuable source of potential therapeutic agents.

Methods: The present study aimed at finding new potential antileishmanial agents from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant . This study was based on bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract against promastigotes and amastigotes of () . The cytotoxicity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated against peritoneal murine macrophages by employing the MTT assay for assessing cell metabolic activity.

Results: Antileishmanial assay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the bioactive cucurbitacin-enriched fraction and the isolation of four bioactive cucurbitacin-type triterpenoids, which exhibited significant antileishmanial activity, with IC values between 2.11 and 3.25 μg.mL against promastigote and amastigote forms, low toxicity and selectivity indexes ranging from 8.5 to 17.2.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the fractions and cucurbitacin-type triterpenoids obtained from the aerial parts of are promising natural leishmanicidal candidates.