Routine venography should be performed before the device upgrade. Clinicians should not be unconcerned because of the lack of symptoms following lead-related venous occlusion. Knowledge of collateral anatomy is essential for future interventional plans. The venous pathway's return to the right atrium may entail risks to patient outcomes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.9190 | DOI Listing |
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