What environmental regularities support infant communicative learning from social interactions? We propose that infants allocate their attention toward and learn from external events that are contingent on their own behaviors. We tested the robustness of the influence of contingency on communicative learning by using a non-biological stimulus, a remote-controlled car, as the social partner. The car approached infants and produced a speech sound either contingently to infants' vocalizations or on a yoked schedule. Two additional groups had an unfamiliar human experimenter as their social partner in contingent and yoked control conditions. We assessed whether infants formed expectations about their partner's responsiveness to their vocalizations. Expectations made based on contingent responsiveness would support the role of contingency in promoting plasticity in early communicative learning. Infants across all conditions increased their vocalization rates when their partner paused in responding, suggesting that they expected their vocalizations to influence their partners' behavior. Infants vocalized significantly more to the social partner than their caregiver if they received contingent rather than yoked responses from the social partner, regardless of if the partner was a human or non-biological agent. Contingent responses to prelinguistic vocalizations facilitated the formation of expectations for interactivity of social partners.
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Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
December 2024
Institute for Sport Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Introduction: Social isolation is a main risk factor for loneliness, health issues and psychological diseases. With its restriction measures, the coronavirus pandemic has led to an objective reduction in meaningful interactions, communication, and social contacts in general (social isolation). However, it has been shown that older adults cope differently with social isolation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Stress
January 2025
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Actively avoiding danger is necessary for survival. Most research on active avoidance has focused on the behavioral and neurobiological processes when individuals learn to avoid alone, within a solitary context. Therefore, little is known about how social context affects active avoidance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Behav Nutr Phys Act
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The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Level 18, International Towers 3, 300 Barangaroo Ave, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
Background: Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.
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J West Afr Coll Surg
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Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!