Over the last two decades, the Nipah virus (NiV) emerged as a highly lethal zoonotic pathogen to humans. Outbreaks occurred occasionally in South and Southeast Asia. Therefore, a safe and effective vaccine against the virus is needed to fight against the deadly virus. Understanding the immunological landscape during this lethal virus infection is necessary in this direction. However, we found scattered information on the immunological landscape of the virus's reservoir, as well as hosts such as humans and livestock. The review provides a recent understanding of the immunological landscape of the virus's reservoir, human hosts, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines for NiV infection. To describe the immunological landscape, we divided our review article into some points. Firstly, we illustrated bats' immune response as a reservoir during the NiV infection. Secondly, we illustrated an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response to the NiV infection, various immune cells, humans' innate immune response, adaptive immunity, and the landscape of cytokines and chemokines. We also discussed INF escape, NET evasion, the T cell landscape, and the B cell landscape during virus infection. Thirdly, we also demonstrated the potential monoclonal antibody therapeutics, and vaccines. Finally, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) of NiV and potentially other therapeutic strategies were discussed. The review will help researchers for better understanding the immunological landscape, mAbs, and vaccines, enabling them to develop their next-generation versions.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12013-024-01424-4 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
SARS-CoV-2 evolution on a dynamic immune landscape.
Nature
January 2025
Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Since the onset of the pandemic, many SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, exhibiting substantial evolution in the virus' spike protein, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. A plausible hypothesis proposes that the virus evolves to evade antibody-mediated neutralization (vaccine- or infection-induced) to maximize its ability to infect an immunologically experienced population. Because viral infection induces neutralizing antibodies, viral evolution may thus navigate on a dynamic immune landscape that is shaped by local infection history.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpdate on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward.
Clin Microbiol Rev
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
SUMMARY (the "pneumococcus") is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence is its ability to produce a protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, and anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Notably, immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden of disease caused by serotypes included in vaccines but has also spurred a relative upsurge in the prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAirway basal stem cell therapy for lung diseases: an emerging regenerative medicine strategy.
Stem Cell Res Ther
January 2025
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Chronic pulmonary diseases pose a prominent health threat globally owing to their intricate pathogenesis and lack of effective reversal therapies. Nowadays, lung transplantation stands out as a feasible treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. Unfortunately, the use of this this option is limited by donor organ shortage and severe immunological rejection reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.
Cell Death Dis
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
The understanding of neuroimmune function has evolved from concepts of immune privilege and protection to a new stage of immune interaction. The discovery of skull meninges channels (SMCs) has opened new avenues for understanding central nervous system (CNS) immunity. Here, we characterize skull bone marrow and SMCs by detailing the anatomical structures adjacent to the skull, the differences between skull and peripheral bone marrow, mainstream animal processing methods, and the role of skull bone marrow in monitoring various CNS diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options of Multiple Sclerosis.
J Integr Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
The complicated neurological syndrome known as multiple sclerosis (MS) is typified by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Managing this crippling illness requires an understanding of the complex interactions between neurophysiological systems, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic methods. A complex series of processes, including immunological dysregulation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, are involved in the pathogenesis of MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!