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Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides: from host defense to therapeutic strategies. | LitMetric

Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides: from host defense to therapeutic strategies.

Physiol Rev

Department of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Published: October 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Key mechanisms for maintaining lung health include airway fluid secretion, mucociliary clearance, and an effective immune response to eliminate pathogens.
  • * Antimicrobial proteins in the lungs, like defensins and cathelicidins, are essential for preventing infections and may also offer potential treatments for multidrug-resistant infections and cancer therapies.

Article Abstract

Representing severe morbidity and mortality globally, respiratory infections associated with chronic respiratory diseases, including complicated pneumonia, asthma, interstitial lung disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are a major public health concern. Lung health and the prevention of pulmonary disease rely on the mechanisms of airway surface fluid secretion, mucociliary clearance, and adequate immune response to eradicate inhaled pathogens and particulate matter from the environment. The antimicrobial proteins and peptides contribute to maintaining an antimicrobial milieu in human lungs to eliminate pathogens and prevent them from causing pulmonary diseases. The predominant antimicrobial molecules of the lung environment include human α- and β-defensins and cathelicidins, among numerous other host defense molecules with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity such as PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) family proteins, elafin, collectins, lactoferrin, lysozymes, mucins, secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D, and RNases. It has been demonstrated that changes in antimicrobial molecule expression levels are associated with regulating inflammation, potentiating exacerbations, pathological changes, and modifications in chronic lung disease severity. Antimicrobial molecules also display roles in both anticancer and tumorigenic effects. Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides are promising alternative therapeutics for treating and preventing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and anticancer therapies.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495187PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00039.2023DOI Listing

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