Peptidic Boronic Acid SUB1 Inhibitors with Improved Selectivity over Human Proteasome.

subtilisin-like serine protease 1 (PfSUB1) is essential for egress of invasive merozoite forms of the parasite, rendering PfSUB1 an attractive antimalarial target. Here, we report studies aimed to improve drug-like properties of peptidic boronic acid PfSUB1 inhibitors including increased lipophilicity and selectivity over human proteasome (H20S). Structure-activity relationship investigations revealed that lipophilic P amino acid side chains as well as -capping groups were well tolerated in retaining PfSUB1 inhibitory potency. At the P position, replacing the methyl group with a carboxyethyl substituent led to boralactone PfSUB1 inhibitors with remarkably improved selectivity over H20S. Combining lipophilic end-capping groups with the boralactone reduced the selectivity over H20S. However, compound still showed >60-fold selectivity versus H20S and low nanomolar PfSUB1 inhibitory potency. Importantly, this compound inhibited the growth of a genetically modified line expressing reduced levels of PfSUB1 13-fold more efficiently compared to a wild-type parasite line.