Biofabrication of bimetallic selenium@zinc nanoparticles using Champia parvula aqueous extract: Investigation of anticancer activity and its apoptosis induction.

Selenium@zinc nanoparticles, or Se@Zn NPs, are extensively employed in various environmental, industrial and biological domains. However, the biological potential of Se@Zn NPs has not been thoroughly investigated. This study focused on fabricating Se@Zn NPs from algae using an aqueous extract of Champia parvula seaweed. Analytical techniques were used to describe the successfully synthesized Se@Zn NPs. In addition, a biological function analysis of the Se@Zn NPs was conducted. The Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectrum showed a specific absorbance peak for the Se@Zn NPs at 350-400 nm. The biomolecules involved in forming Se@Zn NPs were identified by their potential functional groups, as revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Se@Zn NPs were shown to be spherical and to have a diameter range of 100-200 nm. NPs with a crystallite diameter of 54.8 nm and chemical compositions of zinc and selenium (1:1.5 ratio) were revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). IC values were determined for the anticancer activity against A549, MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Cell morphological changes in fluorescence microscopy and apoptosis mechanisms by flow cytometry analysis were investigated, which show that Se@Zn NPs induced apoptosis in various cancer cells. DNA fragmentation and ROS levels were studied by fluorescence microscopy. In conclusion, conditions required for therapeutic and preventative applications may be met by the green synthesis of Se@Zn NPs.