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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112726 | DOI Listing |
Int Immunopharmacol
September 2024
Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of immune response and immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. Electronic address:
Toxicon
September 2022
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Corrientes, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina.
Antivenom is the only safe and effective treatment to neutralize snake venom. Specific anti-venom used to treat snake bite is usually obtained from horses after hyperimmunization with crude snake venom in combination with Freund's Adjuvant. Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvant can cause severe local and systemic acute and chronic inflammation, its potentially severe inflammatory effects have led many researchers to seek alternative immunological adjuvants.
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