The cross-field transport in the scrape-off-layers (SOLs) and divertors in tokamaks is of a similar size to the poloidal component of the parallel flow, thereby significantly impacting the plasma transport there. However, its direct observation has been challenging because the drift velocity (102-103 m/s) is significantly below the detection limit of conventional diagnostics. To realize cross-field ion flow measurement, a variety of systematic uncertainties in the system must be narrowed down. Here, we develop a conceptual design of the Doppler spectrometry that enables us to measure the impurity flows with 102-m/s accuracy based on an in situ wavelength-calibration technique developed in the astrophysics field, the iodine-cell method. We discuss its properties and applicability. In particular, the scaling relation between wavelength accuracy and various spectroscopic parameters is newly presented, which suggests the high importance of the wavelength resolution of the system. Based on transport simulations for the JT-60SA divertor, the feasibility of the system is assessed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0219456 | DOI Listing |
Appl Health Econ Health Policy
January 2025
Department of Health Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Aim: To systematically review the evidence on productivity losses due to health problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic based on evidence from population-level studies.
Methods: Following PRISMA statement, we conducted a systematic review using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EconLit, WHO COVID-19 Research and EuropePMC databases and a grey literature search. We included population-level studies using secondary data and qualitatively assessed eligible studies.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy
January 2025
Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Introduction: Genomic medicine has features that make it preference sensitive and amenable to model-based health economic evaluation. Preferences of patients, caregivers, and clinicians related to the uptake and delivery of genomic medicine technologies and services that are not captured in health state utility weights can affect the intervention's cost-effectiveness and budget impact. However, there is currently no established or agreed-on approach for integrating preference information into economic evaluations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Drug Investig
January 2025
Medical Science Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
Background: Anti-obesity medications are recommended for patients who do not achieve and maintain weight loss despite lifestyle interventions. S-309309 is a novel oral inhibitor of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 being developed as a treatment for obesity.
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the safety, clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic biomarker of S-309309.
J Clin Nurs
January 2025
Research Platform for Collaboration for Health, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
Aim: To cross-culturally adapt a framework for person-centred leadership in residential care for older people in Sweden.
Design: This study has an exploratory and descriptive design.
Methods: The translation procedure followed a cyclic process of translation into Swedish and back-translation into English by two independent bilingual linguists.
Scand J Med Sci Sports
January 2025
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Promoting incidental physical activity (IPA) can help reduce sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity levels in the population. However, there is heterogeneity in the definition of IPA, and studies have yet to synthesize the empirical findings on this topic. This review aimed to (1) Synthesize the definitions of the IPA used in the scientific literature, (2) Identify the behaviors part of the IPA, and (3) Synthesize the main findings on IPA.
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