Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in -mutant locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma: A multi-center cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the optimal management of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor gene () mutant locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).

Methods: Patients with unresectable stage III lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) harboring mutations from 2012 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, and were categorized into three groups according to the primary treatment: chemoradiotherpy (CRT) (group 1), combined radiation therapy (RT) and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) with/without chemotherapy (group 2), and EGFR-TKI alone until tumor progression (group 3). Inverse probability of multiple treatment weighting (IPTW) of propensity score was used to compare overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) between treatments and account for confounding.

Results: A total of 104, 105, and 231 patients were categorized into groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After IPTW adjustment, the median PFS for each group was 12.4, 26.2, and 16.2 months (log-rank 0.001), and the median OS was 51.0, 67.4 and 49.3 months (log-rank  = 0.084), respectively. Compared with those in group 1, patients in group 2 had significantly improved PFS [adjusted hazard ratio HR (aHR), 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29, 0.54; 0.001] and OS (aHR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.98;   0.039). Patients in group 3 had prolonged PFS (aHR, 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87;   0.003), but not OS (aHR, 0.90; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.32;   0.595). Doubly robust IPTW analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis yielded similar findings.

Conclusions: EGFR-TKIs after chemoradiation or combined with radiation alone correlated with the longest PFS and OS (versus CRT or TKIs alone) in patients with -mutant unresectable LA-NSCLC. Well-designed prospective trials were warranted.