Koidz. and Lam. extract relieves insulin resistance via PI3K/Akt signalling in diabetic .

Background And Aim: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly characterized by insulin resistance (IR) induced by hyperglycaemia and insufficient insulin secretion. We employed a diabetic fly model to examine the effect and molecular mechanism of Koidz. and Lam. (AMK-CCL) extract as traditional Chinese medicine in treating IR and T2DM.

Experimental Procedure: The contents of the active ingredients (rhamnose, xylose, mannose, and hyperoside) in AMK-CCL extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Wild-type (GAL4/+) or diabetic ( > InR) flies were divided into the control group or metformin group and AMK-CCL (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 g/ml) groups. Food intake, haemolymph glucose and trehalose, protein, weight, triglycerides (TAG), and glycogen were measured to assess glycolipid metabolism. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling was detected using fluorescent reporters [tGPH, forkhead box O (dFoxO)-green fluorescent protein (GFP), -GFP, 2-NBDG] . 3 mRNA levels and Akt phosphorylation levels were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively, .

Results: AMK-CCL extract contained 0.038 % rhamnose, 0.017 % xylose, 0.69 % mannose, and 0.039 % hyperoside. AMK-CCL at 0.0125 g/mL significantly suppressed the increase in circulating glucose, and the decrease in body weight, TAG, and glycogen contents of diabetic flies. AMK-CCL improved PI3K activity, Akt phosphorylation, Glut1/3 expression, and glucose uptake in diabetic flies, and also rescued diabetes-induced dFoxO nuclear localisation.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that AMK-CCL extract ameliorates IR-induced diabetes via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, providing an experimental basis for clinical treatment.