AI Article Synopsis
- Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to both plants and humans, causing oxidative stress in plants through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
- Researchers used Arabidopsis plants with specific glutaredoxin tags to study how Cd affects redox states in major organelles like chloroplasts and peroxisomes during a light/dark cycle.
- Findings show that Cd causes significant oxidation in these organelles, especially in peroxisomes, with factors like blocked photosynthesis and reduced NAD(P)H contributing to the effects observed.
Article Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plants and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are some of the primary signaling molecules produced after Cd treatment in plants but the contribution of different organelles and specific cell types, together with the impact of light is unknown. We used Arabidopsis lines expressing GRX1-roGFP2 (glutaredoxin1-roGFP) targeted to different cell compartments and analysed changes in redox state over 24 h light/dark cycle in Cd-treated leaf discs. We imaged redox state changes in peroxisomes and chloroplasts in leaf tissue. Chloroplasts and peroxisomes were the most affected organelles in the dark and blocking the photosynthetic electron transport chain (pETC) by DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) promotes higher Cd-dependent oxidation in all organelles. Peroxisomes underwent the most rapid changes in redox state in response to Cd and DCMU and silencing chloroplastic NTRC (NADPH thioredoxin reductase C) considerably increases peroxisome oxidation. Total NAD(P)H and cytosolic NADH decreased during exposure to Cd, while Ca content in chloroplasts and cytosol increased in the dark period. Our results demonstrate a Cd-, time- and light-dependent increase of oxidation of all organelles analysed, that could be in part triggered by disturbances in pETC and photorespiration, the decrease of NAD(P)H availability, and differential antioxidants expression at subcellular level.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135164 | DOI Listing |
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