MdSINA2-MdNAC104 Module Regulates Apple Alkaline Resistance by Affecting γ-Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis and Transport.

Adv Sci (Weinh)

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.

Published: September 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Soil alkalization negatively impacts plant growth, but the signaling molecule GABA helps plants resist alkaline stress by improving their alkaline tolerance.
  • The study identifies a transcription factor, MdNAC104, which lowers GABA levels and reduces alkaline resistance, while applying external GABA can counteract this effect.
  • It was found that MdNAC104 inhibits GABA production and transport by binding to key gene promoters, and another factor, MdSINA2, enhances GABA levels and alkaline resistance by degrading MdNAC104.

Article Abstract

Soil alkalization is an adverse factor limiting plant growth and yield. As a signaling molecule and secondary metabolite, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responds rapidly to alkaline stress and enhances the alkaline resistance of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the GABA pathway adapts to alkaline stress remain unclear. In this study, a transcription factor, MdNAC104 is identified, from the transcriptome of the alkaline-stressed roots of apple, which effectively reduces GABA levels and negatively regulates alkaline resistance. Nevertheless, applying exogenous GABA compensates the negative regulatory mechanism of overexpressed MdNAC104 on alkaline resistance. Further research confirms that MdNAC104 repressed the GABA biosynthetic gene MdGAD1/3 and the GABA transporter gene MdALMT13 by binding to their promoters. Here, MdGAD1/3 actively regulates alkaline resistance by increasing GABA synthesis, while MdALMT13 promotes GABA accumulation and efflux in roots, resulting in an improved resistance to alkaline stress. This subsequent assays reveal that MdSINA2 interacts with MdNAC104 and positively regulates root GABA content and alkaline resistance by ubiquitinating and degrading MdNAC104 via the 26S proteasome pathway. Thus, the study reveals the regulation of alkaline resistance and GABA homeostasis via the MdSINA2-MdNAC104-MdGAD1/3/MdALMT13 module in apple. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of alkaline resistance in plants.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11425205PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202400930DOI Listing

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