Enhancing 2D Photonics and Optoelectronics with Artificial Microstructures.

By modulating subwavelength structures and integrating functional materials, 2D artificial microstructures (2D AMs), including heterostructures, superlattices, metasurfaces and microcavities, offer a powerful platform for significant manipulation of light fields and functions. These structures hold great promise in high-performance and highly integrated optoelectronic devices. However, a comprehensive summary of 2D AMs remains elusive for photonics and optoelectronics. This review focuses on the latest breakthroughs in 2D AM devices, categorized into electronic devices, photonic devices, and optoelectronic devices. The control of electronic and optical properties through tuning twisted angles is discussed. Some typical strategies that enhance light-matter interactions are introduced, covering the integration of 2D materials with external photonic structures and intrinsic polaritonic resonances. Additionally, the influences of external stimuli, such as vertical electric fields, enhanced optical fields and plasmonic confinements, on optoelectronic properties is analysed. The integrations of these devices are also thoroughly addressed. Challenges and future perspectives are summarized to stimulate research and development of 2D AMs for future photonics and optoelectronics.