AI Article Synopsis
- Emerging studies suggest a link between medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) in the diet and glucose regulation, but the specific role of serum MCFAs in diabetes risk, especially concerning genetic factors, needs further exploration.
- A nested case-control study analyzed baseline serum MCFAs from 1,707 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and matched healthy controls, examining both MCFAs' overall effects and their interactions with genetic risk scores based on T2DM-linked genetic variants.
- Results indicated that higher levels of octanoic and nonanoic acids were associated with lower diabetes risk, particularly in physically inactive individuals and those with high genetic risk, suggesting a complex interplay between these fatty acids and genetic predisposition in diabetes
Article Abstract
Context: Emerging studies have revealed associations between dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and glucose homeostasis. However, the relationship between serum MCFAs and the incidence of diabetes, and potential interactions with genetic predisposition, remains unclear in prospective cohort studies.
Objective: This work aimed to investigate associations and genetic susceptibility between serum MCFAs and diabetes risk.
Methods: We investigated baseline serum MCFAs (n = 5) in a nested case-control study comprising incident diabetes cases (n = 1707) and matched normoglycemic control individuals (n = 1707) from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study. Associations between MCFAs and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were examined, both overall and stratified by diabetes genetic susceptibility. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated based on 86 T2DM-associated genetic variants.
Results: In the fully adjusted conditional logistic regression model, serum octanoic acid and nonanoic acid exhibited inverse dose-response relationships with diabetes risk, showing odds ratios (95% CI) of 0.90 (0.82-0.98) and 0.84 (0.74-0.95), respectively. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that inverse associations between MCFAs and incident diabetes were more pronounced among individuals with physical inactivity (Pinteraction = .042, .034, and .037, for octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acid, respectively). Moreover, inverse associations of octanoic acid with diabetes risk were notably enhanced among individuals with high genetic risk compared to those with low genetic risk. Statistically significant interactions were observed between octanoic acid and GRS on T2DM risk (Pinteraction = .003).
Conclusion: These findings provide evidence supporting inverse associations between serum MCFAs and T2DM risk, and reveal potential interplay between genetic susceptibility and circulating octanoic acid in modulating diabetes risk.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747750 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae483 | DOI Listing |
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