AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates immune dysregulation in patients with PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome (PHTS) by comparing infection and autoimmune disease rates in 81 pediatric and 109 adult PHTS patients to 73 female adult controls.
  • Pediatric PHTS patients reported low rates of infections and autoimmune disease, while adult patients had significantly higher instances of viral infections, bacterial infections, and autoimmune conditions compared to the control group.
  • Findings suggest that adult PHTS patients experience a more extensive range of immune-related issues, indicated by frequent infections and a higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases.

Article Abstract

There are indications for immune dysregulation in PTEN Hamartoma Tumour Syndrome (PHTS), however information on the clinical immune phenotype is lacking. We aimed to assess the frequency of infections and autoimmune disease in PHTS patients. A retrospective cohort study including 81 paediatric and 109 adult PHTS patients and 73 female adult controls and self-reported data from yearly surveillance visits. Differences between adult patients and controls were assessed with odds ratios (OR). Of paediatric patients, 1% reported fungal infections, 23% tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy, 36% bacterial infections requiring antibiotics, and 2% autoimmune disease. Of adult patients, up to 67% repeatedly reported fungal infections, and 73% was ever affected which was similar to controls. Compared to controls, adult patients more often reported (signs of) viral infections: tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (78%; OR = 7.4 (95%CI: 3.7-15.8)), frequent infections during childhood (43%; OR = 2.5 (95%CI: 1.3-5.2)), and flu or cold infections more often than others (49%; OR = 3.9 (95%CI: 2.0-8.0)). Autoimmune disease was also more frequent (24%, OR = 2.7 (95%CI: 1.1-7.3)) in adult patients, and antibiotics use (38%, OR = 4.7 (95%CI: 1.3-23.0)) in female adult patients. PHTS patients experience a broad clinical phenotype of immune dysregulation. At adult age, this consists of more often viral and bacterial infections and autoimmune disease, and repetitive fungal infections.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104960DOI Listing

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