The pupil is the eye's adjustable aperture. Fitzpatrick et al. find that visual contrast constricts the pupil, increasing contrast. This process improves behavioral performance. Its retinal origin has unorthodox elements, like interneurons that make connections in unusual locales and photoreceptive ganglion cells.
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Automated quantitative pupillometry as a predictor for transtentorial brain herniation in patients with malignant acute ischemic stroke.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Convergence of Healthcare and Medicine, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
Brain herniation can be a life-threatening condition, resulting in poor prognosis and higher fatality rates. We examined whether quantitative characteristics of sequential pupillary light reflex (PLR) could serve as biomarkers for identifying brain herniation in fatal acute stroke cases with anterior circulation involvement admitted to neurological intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU). Automatic pupillometer assessed PLR automatically every 4-6 hours, measuring eight specific features: NPi (Neurological pupil index) score, initial resting and constriction pupil size, constriction change, constriction velocity, constriction latency, and dilation velocity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMain Sequence of Human Luminance-evoked Pupil Dynamics.
J Cogn Neurosci
January 2025
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Pupil responses are commonly used to provide insight into visual perception, autonomic control, cognition, and various brain disorders. However, making inferences from pupil data can be complicated by nonlinearities in pupil dynamics and variability within and across individuals, which challenge the assumptions of linearity or group-level homogeneity required for common analysis methods. In this study, we evaluated luminance evoked pupil dynamics in young healthy adults (n = 10, M:F = 5:5, ages 19-25 years) by identifying nonlinearities, variability, and conserved relationships across individuals to improve the ability to make inferences from pupil data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate dynamic changes in ciliary parameters and Implantable Collamer Lens V4C (ICL) (STAAR Surgical) haptic position using mydriatic and miotic agents and their effects on the central and peripheral vault.
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Sex differences in photophobic behaviors following cortical spreading depression in rats.
Cephalalgia
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Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
Purpose: Photophobia is a common and debilitating symptom associated with migraine. Women are disproportionately affected by migraines, with a higher prevalence and more severe symptoms compared to men. This study investigated the effects of cortical spreading depression on light-aversive and dark-seeking behaviors in a rat model, with an emphasis on sex differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigating ocular biomarkers and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment based on multimodal imaging.
J Biomed Opt
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Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medical Instruments, Shanghai, China.
Significance: The eye can be used as a potential monitoring window for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of neurological diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are common causes of cognitive impairment and may share many similarities in ocular signs. Multimodal ophthalmic imaging is a technology to quantify pupillary light reaction, retinal reflectance spectrum, and hemodynamics.
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