AI Article Synopsis
- Chronic alcohol consumption negatively affects lung immunity, making individuals with alcohol use disorder more prone to serious inflammatory lung conditions.
- Research using human lung transcriptomics and mouse models indicates that males experience greater disruption of lung immunity due to alcohol than females.
- The study highlights that alcohol significantly downregulates immune-related genes in the lungs, suggesting immunometabolic changes and reduced mTOR signaling play a key role in this immune dysregulation.
Article Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption disrupts lung immunity and host defense mechanisms, rendering individuals with alcohol use disorder more susceptible to developing inflammatory lung conditions with poor prognoses. Here, we focused on investigating the molecular and cellular effects of alcohol ingestion on lung immunity in male and female subjects using population-based human lung transcriptomics analysis and an experimental mouse model of chronic alcohol drinking using the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism alcohol feeding model. Flow cytometry and transcriptomics analyses in lungs revealed a sexually dimorphic effect of chronic alcohol drinking on lung immunity in both human and mouse. Male lungs were more sensitive to chronic alcohol drinking-induced dysregulation of lung immunity compared with female lungs. Furthermore, comparative transcriptomics analysis using lungs and liver samples from matched human and mouse subjects demonstrated that lungs were more sensitive than liver to the effects of alcohol in downregulating immune-related genes and pathways. Furthermore, the transcriptomics analysis provided evidence that immunometabolic change is a central driver in lung alteration by downregulating the immune pathways and upregulating metabolic pathways. Chronic alcohol consumption resulted in reduced mTOR signaling and decreased immune cell populations. The mTOR signaling axis may serve as an upstream regulator of alcohol-induced dysregulation in lung immunity.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568473 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2024-0086OC | DOI Listing |
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