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Mucus Transpiration as the Basis for Chronic Cough and Cough Hypersensitivity.

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National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 227B Guy Scadding Building, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.

Chronic cough is characterized by a state of cough hypersensitivity. We analyze the process of transpiration, by which water appears to evaporate from laryngeal and tracheal mucus as from the surface of a leaf, as a potential cause of cough hypersensitivity. In this process, osmotic pressure differences form across mucus, pulling water toward the air, and preventing mucus dehydration.

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Respiratory disease and breathing abnormalities worsen with dehydration of the upper airways. We find that humidification of inhaled air occurs by evaporation of water over mucus lining the upper airways in such a way as to deliver an osmotic force on mucus, displacing it towards the epithelium. This displacement thins the periciliary layer of water beneath mucus while thickening topical water that is partially condensed from humid air on exhalation.

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Objective: The study investigated the effect of different stocking density (SD) rates on the welfare, growth, and hemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chickens.

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