HSFA1 heat shock factors integrate warm temperature and heat signals in plants.

Warm temperatures and heat stress trigger distinct plant responses. Recently, Li et al. and Tan et al. identified HSFA1 heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) as central gatekeepers of high-temperature signaling, integrating warm temperature and heat shock responses (HSRs) in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). HSFA1d stabilizes phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and activates HSFA2, establishing a crosstalk between thermomorphogenesis and thermotolerance.