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Cancer neuroscience and glioma: clinical implications.
Acta Neurochir (Wien)
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that tumor growth relies not only on support from the surrounding microenvironment but also on the tumors capacity to adapt to - and actively manipulate - its niche. While targeting angiogenesis and modulating the local immune environment have been explored as therapeutic approaches, these strategies have yet to yield effective treatments for brain tumors and remain under refinement. More recently, the nervous system itself has been explored as a critical environmental support for cancer, with extensive neuro-tumoral interactions observed both intracranially and in extracranial sites containing neural components.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Background: TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein that is a pathological hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The frequency of observed TDP-43 pathology is estimated at 97% in ALS, 45% in FTD and 40-57% in AD and is characterized by a mislocalization of TDP-43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Indeed, TDP-43 is the third most common proteinopathy in AD, behind only Amyloid beta and Tau.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
Background: ApoE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, ApoE4 has also been suggested to exhibit antagonistic pleiotropy, a phenomenon by which some allelic variations of a gene promote fitness during certain periods of life but may be detrimental in others. Previous work suggests that ApoE4 carriers exhibit superior performance on executive function tasks in early and middle age, while later in life (>70 years) ApoE4 carriers experience greater cognitive decline across multiple domains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Background: Intracellular accumulation of tau tangles in the brain is one of the most prominent manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progression thereof across the AD stages has specific temporal and spatial patterns, wherein time is informative of space and vice versa. Here we introduce a novel method, Manifold Component Analysis (MCA), to represent tangle accumulation in 2D, reflecting the spatial aspect of tau propagation stages to further relate it to the temporal aspect thereof.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Manifestations.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
CBI en Demencias y Enfermedades Desmielinizantes del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru.
Background: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is a rare and devasting form of Alzheimer disease that represents 5-10% of the total number of Alzheimer disease (AD). It is significantly less well studied than the late-onset form of AD. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, the amnestic variant is the most frequent (75%).
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