Current medications for panic disorder each carry significant limitations that indicate the need for novel anxiolytics. The high costs and low success rates of drug development demand that testing trials be efficient. Lab panicogenic challenges in humans allow for the rapid biochemical induction of panic symptoms and hence an efficient means of testing potential anti-panic drugs. This paper describes ideal characteristics of lab panicogens, reviews the validity and utility of various biochemical panicogenic agents, identifies key outcome measures for studies of novel anti-panic drugs, and makes broad recommendations for labs wishing to perform such studies. We conclude by presenting a four-tiered hierarchy of panicogens that matches each against ideal characteristics and reflects our recommendations for their laboratory use.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173825 | DOI Listing |
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Biochemical challenges for testing novel anti-panic drugs in humans.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
September 2024
Department of Psychology, Carleton College, United States of America.
Current medications for panic disorder each carry significant limitations that indicate the need for novel anxiolytics. The high costs and low success rates of drug development demand that testing trials be efficient. Lab panicogenic challenges in humans allow for the rapid biochemical induction of panic symptoms and hence an efficient means of testing potential anti-panic drugs.
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Pharmacol Biochem Behav
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Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, United States of America.
Modulation of glutamate receptors has demonstrated anxiolytic and/or antidepressant effects in rodent stress models. The chick social-separation stress paradigm exposes socially raised aves to an isolation stressor which elicits distress vocalizations (DVocs) in an attempt to re-establish contact. The model presents a state of panic during the first 5 min followed by a state of behavioral despair during the last 60 to 90 min.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExperimental Drugs for Panic Disorder: An Updated Systematic Review.
J Exp Pharmacol
April 2021
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, 20090, Italy.
Several effective pharmacological therapies for panic disorder (PD) are available, but they have some drawbacks, and unsatisfactory outcomes can occur. Expanding the variety of anti-panic medications may allow for improving PD treatment. The authors performed an updated systematic review of preclinical and clinical (Phase I-III) pharmacological studies to look for advances made in the last six years concerning novel-mechanism-based anti-panic compounds or using medications approved for nonpsychiatric medical conditions to treat PD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Shift in the Activation of Serotonergic and Non-serotonergic Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Lateral Wings Subnucleus Underlies the Panicolytic-Like Effect of Fluoxetine in Rats.
Mol Neurobiol
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Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
A wealth of evidence indicates that the lateral wings subnucleus of the dorsal raphe nucleus (lwDR) is implicated in the processing of panic-associated stimuli. Escape expression in the elevated T-maze, considered a panic-related defensive behavior, markedly and selectively recruits non-serotonergic cells within this DR subregion and in the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), another key panic-associated area. However, whether anti-panic drugs may interfere with this pattern of neuronal activation is still unknown.
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