A Case Series of 36 Patients Treated for Old World Cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Iran.

Objective: We sought to investigate the therapeutic outcomes and complications of treatment in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methods: This case series enrolled patients with smear-proven cutaneous leishmaniasis who visited our center in Iran from 2018 to 2019.

Results: In total, 36 patients were treated with intralesional meglumine antimoniate, intramuscular meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate, and amphotericin B. Overall, this treatment was effective in 81.8 percent of patients. Relapse and treatment failure occurred in 6.1 percent and 12.1 percent of patients, respectively. Treatment with intralesional meglumine antimoniate, intramuscular meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate, and amphotericin B yielded a clearance rate of 80.8 percent, 92.3 percent, 75 percent, and 85.7 percent, respectively. Clearance was associated with a shorter time interval between injections of intralesional meglumine antimoniate (=0.006) and relapse was associated with a longer time interval between injections (=0.018). The average number of side effects per patient for intralesional meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate, intramuscular meglumine antimoniate, and amphotericin B was 0.62, 1.4, 1.6, and 2.8, respectively. The most common side effect of intralesional meglumine antimoniate, intramuscular meglumine antimoniate, and amphotericin B was local pain, arthralgia, and hypokalemia, respectively.

Limitations: Low sample size was the limitation of this study.

Conclusion: The cure rate of intramuscular meglumine antimoniate was higher than amphotericin B, which was higher than the cure rate of sodium stibogluconate. In patients treated with intralesional meglumine antimoniate, reducing the time interval between injections increased the clearance rate and decreased the rate of relapse.