Background: () is one of the main pathogens responsible for refractory root canal infections in the teeth and shows resistance against various antibacterial managements. Effective control of infection is a prerequisite for successful treatment of refractory apical periodontitis. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) against the original and Ag-resistant
Methods: Au@AgNPs with optimal shell thicknesses were synthesized and characterized. The antibacterial activity of Au@AgNPs with PTT against the original or Ag-resistant was evaluated, and the antibiofilm activity was tested on biofilm on the dentin of teeth. The potential antibacterial mechanisms of Au@AgNPs combined with PTT against have also been studied. Moreover, its influence on dentin microhardness and cytotoxicity was assessed.
Results: This study revealed that Au@AgNPs combined with PTT showed enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, no negative effects on dentin microhardness, and low cytotoxicity toward human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Moreover, Au@AgNPs combined with PTT effectively inhibited the growth of Ag-resistant . Its antibacterial effects may be exerted through the release of silver ions (Ag), destruction of the cell membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Hyperthermia generated by Au@AgNPs with PTT reduced membrane fluidity and enhanced Ag sensitivity by downregulating expression. The upregulated expression of heat shock genes demonstrated that the Ag released from Au@AgNPs compromised the heat adaptation of .
Conclusion: PTT significantly enhanced Ag sensitivity of the original and Ag-resistant . Au@AgNPs combined with PTT may have the potential to be developed as a new antibacterial agent to control infections in teeth.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S468649 | DOI Listing |
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