Polymers (Basel)
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
Published: July 2024
Lignins, naturally occurring aromatic polymers with phenylpropane units, are promising bio-based alternatives for petroleum-based products. Resole-type phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive is commonly used in wood composites requiring durability and weather-proofness. However, PF adhesive is a petroleum-based product. The objective of this study is to transform the low-reactivity hardwood kraft lignin (KL) as the phenol substitute in the PF adhesive formulation by acidic phenolation. The variations in the molecular weights, chemical structures, and functional groups in lignins were investigated before and after the phenolation. The results indicate that the KL can be cleaved, and phenols are crosslinked onto KL to produce phenolated kraft lignin (PKL) under the suitable phenolation condition, heating 3/5 (/) of KL/phenol at 90 °C for 2 h with 5% HSO as the catalyst. Resole-type PKL-PF adhesives can be directly synthesized after the phenolation in the same reactor. Plywood laminated with this adhesive obtains satisfactory strength and low formaldehyde emission. This not only reduces the usage of petroleum-based phenol but also increases the reactivity and applications for hardwood KL.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11244096 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16131923 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Kraft lignin (KL), a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, is commonly combusted as a low-grade fuel. However, its high sulphur content results in the emission of sulphur oxides, which pose environmental hazards. This study explores a sustainable approach for the valorisation of waste KL into syngas via CO-mediated pyrolysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
January 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China. Electronic address:
Herein, a biochar-supported zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanosheet catalyst (Fe@BC) for the activation of persulfate to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP) was prepared using industrial kraft lignin and Fenton sludge as carbon and iron sources, respectively. Fe@BC showed considerably better CIP degradation efficiency (96.9% at 20 mg L) than traditional catalysts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address:
Self-supported hardwood kraft lignin (HKL)/graphene-based carbon fibrous aerogel (L/GCA) presents a fascinating prospect as the electrode of supercapacitor due to its impress rate capacity and cyclic stability. However, the hydrophobicity nature of L/GCA hampers the ion transfer between the electrode and electrolyte, thereby limiting its electrochemical performance. To address this, we enhanced the electrochemical performance of L/GCA through boron doping based on the improvement of hydrophilicity and the re-arrangement of electron density.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Research Division for Sustainable Papermaking & Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address:
In this paper, cellulose-lignin films containing Fe were prepared by the codissolution-precipitation method, and the films have high transparency as well as high UV absorption. In this process, kraft lignin chelates with Fe and then bonds with cellulose through hydrogen bonding, evenly distributing within the film. The morphological results showed that the kraft lignin chelated with Fe bound tightly linked to cellulose within the Fe@cellulose-lignin composite films.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
December 2024
Programa de Engenharia de Processos Químicos e Bioquímicos, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Bloco E, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brasil.
This work explored the chemical modification of lignin with succinic acid for the first time. Temperature is crucial for the process, reducing reaction time and increasing conversion. In particular, at 160 °C for five h with 0.
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