Biographies, articles, and meetings devoted to the founder of modern neurology, Jean-Martin Charcot, are typically dithyrambic, if not hagiographic. It seems that the striking professional and familial qualities of Charcot have erased any other characteristic of the person, and scratches on the Master image commonly have not been well accepted. With this in mind, it is interesting to present and evaluate the rather negative opinions on Charcot by the famous French writer Léon Daudet, who initially was very close to the Charcots through his father, Alphonse Daudet, and who wrote rather extensively on Charcot in his diary and memoirs. Our point is not to underline these writings as the "truth" about Charcot's personality and life (Daudet, who was a prominent extreme right-wing figure, was known to exaggerate and play with his sharp opinions), but Daudet's criticisms paradoxically provide a fascinating perspective, which may help to reconstruct better who Charcot really was in counterbalancing a bit the overcrowded, politically correct, praising group.
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Jean-Marin Charcot died unexpectedly on August 16, 1893, at the age of 67, while on a journey to the Morvan for a short holiday with colleagues and friends. This article reports in detail circumstances of Charcot's journey, and his untimely death in a small and modest room in a secluded hotel in the French countryside. In Part 1, I describe the reasons for Charcot's choice to go on the journey, with an emphasis on his role in the recent and controversial "Panama Affair.
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Groupe Maussins, Clinique Maussins Nollete-Ramsay Santé Paris France.
Purpose: Our purpose was to quantify stresses in the bone surrounding stemless implants in various configurations.
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J Hist Neurosci
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Department of Neurology, University of Franche-Comté, Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besançon, France.
Biographies, articles, and meetings devoted to the founder of modern neurology, Jean-Martin Charcot, are typically dithyrambic, if not hagiographic. It seems that the striking professional and familial qualities of Charcot have erased any other characteristic of the person, and scratches on the Master image commonly have not been well accepted. With this in mind, it is interesting to present and evaluate the rather negative opinions on Charcot by the famous French writer Léon Daudet, who initially was very close to the Charcots through his father, Alphonse Daudet, and who wrote rather extensively on Charcot in his diary and memoirs.
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The Notch and Wnt signalling pathways play key roles in the formation of inner ear sensory organs, but little is known about their transcriptional effectors and targets in this context. Here, we perturbed Notch and Wnt activities in the embryonic chicken otic vesicle using pharmacological treatment or electroporation of plasmid DNA, and used RNA-Seq to analyse the resulting changes in gene expression. Compared to pharmacological treatments, electroporation changed the expression of fewer genes, a likely consequence of the variability and mosaicism of transfection.
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