YOLOv8's advancements in tuberculosis identification from chest images.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic and pathogenic disease that leads to life-threatening situations like death. Many people have been affected by TB owing to inaccuracy, late diagnosis, and deficiency of treatment. The early detection of TB is important to protect people from the severity of the disease and its threatening consequences. Traditionally, different manual methods have been used for TB prediction, such as chest X-rays and CT scans. Nevertheless, these approaches are identified as time-consuming and ineffective for achieving optimal results. To resolve this problem, several researchers have focused on TB prediction. Conversely, it results in a lack of accuracy, overfitting of data, and speed. For improving TB prediction, the proposed research employs the Selection Focal Fusion (SFF) block in the You Look Only Once v8 (YOLOv8, Ultralytics software company, Los Angeles, United States) object detection model with attention mechanism through the Kaggle TBX-11k dataset. The YOLOv8 is used for its ability to detect multiple objects in a single pass. However, it struggles with small objects and finds it impossible to perform fine-grained classifications. To evade this problem, the proposed research incorporates the SFF technique to improve detection performance and decrease small object missed detection rates. Correspondingly, the efficacy of the projected mechanism is calculated utilizing various performance metrics such as recall, precision, F1Score, and mean Average Precision (mAP) to estimate the performance of the proposed framework. Furthermore, the comparison of existing models reveals the efficiency of the proposed research. The present research is envisioned to contribute to the medical world and assist radiologists in identifying tuberculosis using the YOLOv8 model to obtain an optimal outcome.