Objective: To explore the longitudinal association between social-jetlag (SJL) and obesity development among adolescents, sex-difference and related modifying factors in the association.
Methods: Based on Shanghai-Adolescent-Cohort during 2017-2021, a total of 609 students were investigated. In grade 6, 7 and 9, the information on SJL was collected using questionnaires, and anthropometric measures were conducted. The fingernail cortisol and progesterone levels in grade 6 (using LC-MS/MS) and body composition in grade 9 (using Inbody-S10) were measured. By the latent-class-mixture-modeling, two trajectories for SJL (high-level vs. low-level) throughout 4 years were developed. The prospective associations of SJL trajectories and weight/fat gains were analyzed by sex and under different (high/moderate/low) cortisol/progesterone stratifications.
Results: In grades 6-9, 39.00%-44.50 % of adolescents experienced at least 1 h of SJL. Compared with the low-level SJL trajectory, the high-level SJL trajectory was associated with greater differences in body-mass-index Z-scores and waist-to-height ratios across 4 years, higher levels of body-fat-percentage and fat-mass-index in grade 9 (P-values<0.05), and such associations were stronger among girls and under moderate-to-high (vs. low) baseline cortisol and progesterone levels. However, no significant associations among boys were observed.
Conclusions: High-level SJL in adolescents may be associated with the development of obesity, especially among adolescent girls and under relatively high baseline cortisol and progesterone levels.
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