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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000002190 | DOI Listing |
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A Case of Xylazine-Induced Necrotic Skin Ulcerations in an IV-Drug User in Florida.
HCA Healthc J Med
December 2024
HCA Florida Orange Park Hospital, Orange Park, FL.
Introduction: As illicit drug manufacturers find new ways to market their products and increase their profit margins, multiple contaminants have found their way into the illicit drug supply. The newest addition, xylazine, also known as "tranq," has spread through the city of Philadelphia and has recently been gaining ground across the United States, including in the state of Florida.
Case Presentation: This case describes a 37-year-old male with a significant past psychiatric history of severe polysubstance intravenous (IV) use, including fentanyl and methamphetamine.
Street Pharmacology: Toxico-Dermatology of Injection Drug Use.
J Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Division of Dermatology, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Street medicine is a point-of-care, mobile approach that services the needs of unhoused individuals who are otherwise unable to access medical care in traditional settings. The prevalence of injection drug use combines with the pipeline of illicit substances, to produce a constellation of severe, potentially life-threatening dermatological disorders unique to this population. This review applies principles of clinical pharmacology to clarify the mechanisms underlying the dermatological toxicity of xylazine, desomorphine, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperspectral Raman imaging with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) analysis for xylazine-containing drug mixtures.
Forensic Sci Int
November 2024
School of Criminal Justice, Forensic Science, and Security, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States. Electronic address:
Xylazine, increasingly implicated in illicit opioid overdose deaths, poses a significant public health threat due to its synergistic effects with fentanyl and resistance to naloxone reversal. Despite its rising prevalence, xylazine is not classified as a controlled substance, leading to its exclusion from routine forensic screening. This study introduces a novel analytical method combining Raman hyperspectral imaging with Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) to detect xylazine in drug mixtures containing common excipients such as acetaminophen, dipyrone, and mannitol.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWithdrawal Signs and Symptoms Among Patients Positive for Fentanyl With and Without Xylazine.
J Addict Med
December 2024
From the Division of Substance Use Disorder Programming, McNabb Center, Knoxville, TN (RA); Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (RA); Department of Internal Medicine, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN (RA, CA); Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN (CW); and Aegis Sciences Corporation, Nashville, TN (JS, AH, RH).
Background: Xylazine is not approved for human use, yet it has emerged as a common adulterant of illicit fentanyl. It is currently unclear whether there is a withdrawal syndrome associated with xylazine and the potential impact of fentanyl coexposure.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with opioid use disorder admitted to an inpatient medically monitored withdrawal facility was performed.
First Detection of Xylazine in Texas Wastewater and Its Association with Fentanyl Use.
medRxiv
November 2024
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The United States is facing a worsening drug overdose crisis, with xylazine—an animal sedative—emerging as a significant threat in the illicit drug market.
- A study in El Paso, Texas, used wastewater analysis to monitor xylazine presence and its potential link to fentanyl use over 14 months, finding xylazine in most treatment plants sampled.
- The research indicated a direct correlation between xylazine and higher fentanyl levels, urging the need for improved monitoring and targeted health interventions in communities impacted by the opioid epidemic.
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