Chromothripsis is a novel biomarker for prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

This study aimed to identify the role of chromothripsis as a novel biomarker in the prognosis and differentiation diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs). We conducted next-generation gene sequencing in a cohort of 30 patients with high-grade (G3) pNENs. As a reference, a similar analysis was also performed on 25 patients with low-grade (G1/G2) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Chromothripsis and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis were investigated. The results showed that DNA damage response and repair gene alteration and mutation were found in 29 and 11 patients, respectively. A total of 14 out of 55 patients had chromothripsis involving different chromosomes. Chromothripsis had a close relationship with alteration and higher grade. In the entire cohort, chromothripsis was associated with a higher risk of distant metastasis; both chromothripsis and metastasis (ENETS Stage IV) suggested a significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Importantly, in the high-grade pNENs group, chromothripsis was the only independent prognostic indicator significantly associated with a shorter OS, other than alteration or pathological pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (pNECs) diagnosis. Chromothripsis can guide worse prognosis in pNENs, and help differentiate pNECs from high-grade (G3) pNETs.