Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) without pyuria is a subtype of urinary tract infection in children, often leading to diagnostic challenges. The clinical characteristics of 6 children diagnosed with AFBN, who exhibited an absence of pyuria, were retrospectively summarized and compared with the control group consisting of 49 hospitalized AFBN children with pyuria. The cases of AFBN without pyuria presented with more severe inflammatory responses and were predisposed to complications, such as sepsis and neurological abnormalities.
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