Aloe-emodin, a natural hydroxyanthraquinone, exerts both adverse and protective effects. This study aimed at investigating these potential effects of aloe-emodin in humans upon the use of food supplements and herbal medicines using a physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling-facilitated quantitative to extrapolation (QIVIVE) approach. For this, PBK models in rats and humans were established for aloe-emodin including its active metabolite rhein and used to convert data on hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation, and Nrf2 induction to corresponding dose-response curves, from which points of departure (PODs) were derived by BMD analysis. The derived PODs were subsequently compared to the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) resulting from the use of food supplements or herbal medicines. It is concluded that the dose levels of aloe-emodin from food supplements or herbal medicines are unlikely to induce toxicity, ROS generation, or Nrf2 activation in liver and kidney.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00969 | DOI Listing |
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