Halfway through the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) period, there has been little research on the criteria for monitoring safely managed sanitation under SDG target 6.2. For reporting against SDGs, global indicators are necessarily limited and exclude many safety aspects from a public health perspective. Primary survey data from 31,784 households in seven countries in Asia and Africa were analysed, comparing estimates of safely managed on-site sanitation based on global indicators with five complementary indicators of safety: animal access to excreta, groundwater contamination, overdue emptying, entering containments to empty and inadequate protection during emptying. Application of additional criteria reduced the population with safely managed sanitation by 0.4-35% for specific indicators, with the largest impact due to the risk of groundwater contamination, animal access, and containments overdue for emptying. Combining these indicators across the service chain, excluding transport and treatment, found almost three-quarters of on-site systems currently assessed as safely managed with global indicators were considered unsafe based on complementary indicators. A more comprehensive assessment of safety of on-site sanitation can be achieved through these indicators, which could be integrated into national monitoring systems and used to inform sanitation investments that address local health-related risks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41545-024-00353-2 | DOI Listing |
It is commonly accepted that a primary goal of orthopaedic surgeries is to restore function for our patients, and to achieve this goal, many research studies aim to define outcomes that set a benchmark for knowing whether this mark is achieved. Unfortunately, Return to Play (RTP) and Return to Sport (RTS) metrics are often used without any strict definition or standardization. They often rely on patient recall, which could be biased, and often fail to distinguish level of performance after return to activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Cases
December 2024
Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan.
Background: Mature teratomas are benign cystic tumors that are most commonly asymptomatic. However, in some cases, mediastinal teratomas rupture the lungs and mediastinum with potentially fatal outcomes. Herein, we report a case of a large mediastinal mature teratoma that expanded to the entire left hemithorax in a child with common cold-like symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Support Palliat Care
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Palliative Care, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Background: Spiritual pain and distress are commonly unrecognised among patients receiving palliative care, yet engaging with a person's spirituality can allow healing to occur even amid suffering. Palliative care clinicians lack training in assessing and managing spiritual distress among patients.
Objectives: Development of a virtually delivered spirituality workshop to improve clinicians' understanding of their own spirituality and confidence in addressing the spiritual dimension of patients' experience.
J Educ Health Promot
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Department of Internal Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Gujarat, India.
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Materials And Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 100 girls aged 12-16 years assigned to skills-based (n = 50) or lecture-based (n = 50) 8-week puberty education programs.
Postgrad Med
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fGlobal Medical Affairs, Pfizer Inc., NY, USA.
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