Factors Affecting the Outcome of Spine Metastases: A Single-Center Evaluation in Surgically Treated Patients.

Background: The estimation of survival is extremely important for metastatic disease in the spine. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the outcome of patients with spinal metastasis, primarily the character of neurologic deficit and the histopathology of the tumor.

Method: A retrospective examination was made of 158 patients with spinal metastasis who were followed up in our clinic between 2010 and 2020 and underwent surgical intervention. The patients were examined in respect of demographic characteristics, the primary tumor, comorbidities, preoperative-postoperative visual aAnalog scale scores, preoperative-postoperative neurologic examinations and neurologic deficit if present and ambulation status, postoperative survival duration, tumor localization, characteristics of the surgeries, complications, the Karnofsky Performance Scale, revised Tokuhashi, and Tomita scores.

Results: Spinal metastasis was seen more frequently in males (72.8% male, 27.8% female). Male gender, multiple level involvement, intradural localization, and Karnofsky Performance Scale <70 were seen to cause a shorter survival time. Patients with a primary focus of hematologic malignancy, breast cancer, and lymphoma had a longer survival. The revised Tokuhashi and Tomita scores were observed to be successful in the prediction of survival. A decrease in postoperative visual analog scale score had a positive effect on functional survival. The absence of preoperative neurological deficit and the patient's ability for preoperative and postoperative ambulation affected survival positively. The overall survival period decreased in patients who were mobilized in the early postoperative period but became nonmobile in the late period, and in those who were nonmobile in both the early and late postoperative periods.

Conclusions: The neurologic and ambulatory status, the Tomita and Tokuhashi scores, intradural localization, and gender are the factors with a significant effect on prognosis.