Deficits in episodic memory have been reported in various psychiatric conditions, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Many widely used episodic memory tests do not have the ability to distinguish between impaired memory of separate components of a real-life event (e.g., what happened, where it happened and when), and impaired binding of such real-life features. To address this issue, a naturalistic, real-world What-Where-When memory task was employed to assess the nature of episodic memory impairments in MDD. A validation study established that the task is sensitive to age-related episodic memory changes, and that intentional encoding does not invalidate the task. The main study then compared the performance of patients with depression and control participants on the intentionally encoded WWW task. Patients with MDD presented an overall episodic memory impairment arising from deficits in object memory and the ability to bind objects to temporal context. Taken together, our study confirms the episodic memory impairment in MDD, by providing evidence of deficient object memory and reduced ability to bind temporal context to objects in patients. Our naturalistic WWW task presents a promising approach for thorough identification of the nature of episodic memory impairments, under a real-world environment, in various conditions, including MDD.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2024.2371110 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.
Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.
Neuropsychol Rev
December 2024
Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.
To date, few studies have focused on the benefits of dopaminergic treatment on episodic memory functions in patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effects of pharmacological therapy with dopamine in alleviating episodic memory deficits in Parkinson's patients. A secondary aim was to evaluate the role of dopamine in episodic memory circuits and thus in different memory systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Affect Behav Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E BEH S 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
Amygdala activation by emotional arousal during memory formation can prioritize events for long-term memory. Building upon our prior demonstration that brief electrical stimulation to the human amygdala reliably improved long-term recognition memory for images of neutral objects without eliciting an emotional response, our study aims to explore and describe individual differences and stimulation-related factors in amygdala-mediated memory modulation. Thirty-one patients undergoing intracranial monitoring for intractable epilepsy were shown neutral object images paired with direct amygdala stimulation during encoding with recognition memory tested immediately and one day later.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Affect Behav Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
Cognitive reserve (CR) and busyness can boost memory, whereas stress can impair memory. Nevertheless, extant research has not yet examined busyness in conjunction with CR and stress, nor whether CR or stress moderate the relationship between busyness and episodic memory. Middle-aged and older adult participants (N = 71; ages 50-74; 31% African-American) answered lifestyle questionnaires and completed a visual paired-associate memory fMRI task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697.
The sharing of personal memories is a unique aspect of the human experience. Humans communicate to provide information, to influence, or even to amuse. How do we distinguish between credible and noncredible narratives? Forensic science has identified race, age, and detail quantity as influential.
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