Neodymium monoxide (NdO) is a metastable rare earth oxide material with a unique electronic structure, which has potential applications across various fields such as semiconductors, energy, catalysis, laser technology, and advanced communications. Despite its promising attributes, the thermodynamic properties of NdO remain unexplored. In this study, high pressure, high temperature phases of neodymium monoxide (NdO, with a rocksalt structure) and body-centered cubic () Nd metal were synthesized at 5 GPa and 1473 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate that the Nd peak shifts to higher energy in NdO relative to NdO, suggesting the possibility of complex electronic states in NdO. Formation enthalpies for the reaction 1/3NdO + 1/3 Nd = NdO obtained from high temperature solution calorimetry in molten sodium molybdate and for the reaction Nd (metal) = Nd (metal) from differential scanning calorimetry are 25.98 ± 8.65 and 5.2 kJ/mol, respectively. Utilizing these enthalpy values, we calculated the pressure-temperature boundary for the reaction 1/3 Nd + 1/3NdO = NdO, which has a negative slope of -1.68× 10 GPa/K. These insights reveal the high pressure behavior of NdO and neodymium metal, underscoring their potential utility in technological applications.
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