AI Article Synopsis

  • - Cathepsin-K (CTSK) is an enzyme secreted by bone cells that plays a key role in bone maintenance and remodeling, making it a promising target for new treatments.
  • - This study developed specialized activity-based probes (ABPs) to effectively detect active CTSK in both healthy and diseased biological samples, including mouse and human tissues.
  • - The research uncovered how acidic environments activate CTSK and revealed differences in CTSK activity in intact cells compared to cell lysates, as well as finding CTSK in the nuclei of human osteoclasts, highlighting the probes' potential for investigating CTSK in various diseases.

Article Abstract

Cathepsin-K (CTSK) is an osteoclast-secreted cysteine protease that efficiently cleaves extracellular matrices and promotes bone homeostasis and remodeling, making it an excellent therapeutic target. Detection of CTSK activity in complex biological samples using tailored tools such as activity-based probes (ABPs) will aid tremendously in drug development. Here, potent and selective CTSK probes are designed and created, comparing irreversible and reversible covalent ABPs with improved recognition components and electrophiles. The newly developed CTSK ABPs precisely detect active CTSK in mouse and human cells and tissues, from diseased and healthy states such as inflamed tooth implants, osteoclasts, and lung samples, indicating changes in CTSK's activity in the pathological samples. These probes are used to study how acidic pH stimulates mature CTSK activation, specifically, its transition from pro-form to mature form. Furthermore, this study reveals for the first time, why intact cells and cell lysate exhibit diverse CTSK activity while having equal levels of mature CTSK enzyme. Interestingly, these tools enabled the discovery of active CTSK in human osteoclast nuclei and in the nucleoli. Altogether, these novel probes are excellent research tools and can be applied in vivo to examine CTSK activity and inhibition in diverse diseases without immunogenicity hazards.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481179PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401518DOI Listing

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