MORPHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL MELANIN IN A RAT MODEL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE.

A comparative study of the morphological and functional state of the microvasculature of the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain (SNc) and bone marrow of rats was carried out using the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and with subsequent administration of bacterial melanin (BM). The detection of microvasculature was carried out according to the histoangiological method of Chilingaryan. Animal behavior was studied using a cylinder test. An analysis of morphometric data showed that, in comparison with control animals, experimental animals with rotenone dysfunction showed an increase in capillary diameters and a general reduction in the capillary link in SNc. Behavioral tests have shown that the animals with rotenone intoxication exhibit a form of behavior inherent in PD (freezing, immobility, apathy). Under the influence of BM, the diameter of the capillaries in the SNc approaches the norm, and the capillary link is restored. Due to the protective effect of BM in rats with rotenone intoxication, the trophism of the brain tissue increases as a result of the approach of the lumen of the vessels to the norm and the opening of new branches in the capillary network, an increase in the density of capillaries, which ensures the safety of nerve cells. Animal behavior indicators are close to normal. A comprehensive analysis of cytogenetic data of rat bone marrow was also carried out. In animals with PD, compared to controls, there is a significant increase in the amount of polyploid cells (PC) and a decrease in the level of mitotic index (MI), which usually manifests itself in inflammatory processes and is accompanied by inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Under the influence of BM, a tendency towards normalization of MI was noted and a significant decrease in the percentage of PC was obtained, which possibly indicates its beneficial effect. The data obtained suggest that BM can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of PD.