Slow Workers: Labelling and Labouring in Britain, c. 1909-1955.

This article surveys the experiences of historical actors labelled 'mentally defective' and 'mentally handicapped' in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century. It decentres institutions and experiences of segregation, and instead foregrounds employment as a way to historicise and make visible the experiences of individuals with intellectual impairments who lived in communities. The article discusses significant opportunities for paid employment, both formal and informal, for disabled people. Periods of economic growth or recession rendered such workers visible, as did efforts to regulate labour markets and wages. The article argues that rather than 'mental age' becoming dominant in framing intellectual disability, vernacular and negotiable categories of 'wage age' predominated in workplaces to the mid-twentieth century. Intellectually disabled people adopted precarious strategies of 'getting by' and while they commonly experienced low wages, could also sustain degrees of community inclusion at the margins of the economy.