AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to identify and analyze the presence of influenza A (IAV) and influenza D (IDV) viruses in commercial birds and among poultry workers in live bird markets in Pakistan.
- Out of 600 pooled swabs from poultry, 6.3% tested positive for IAV, with 73.9% of those being the H9N2 subtype; 0.83% of poultry workers also showed evidence of this virus.
- The results suggest that H9N2 IAV is common in Punjab Province's live bird markets and poses a potential health risk to workers, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of avian influenza in humans.
Article Abstract
Objectives: This study sought to detect and characterize influenza A (IAV) and influenza D (IDV) viruses circulating among commercial birds and shop owners in Pakistan's live bird markets.
Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs (n = 600; n = 300 pools) collected from poultry and nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 240) collected from poultry workers were studied for molecular evidence of IAV and IDV using real-time and conventional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction protocols.
Results: Nineteen (6.3%) poultry pools were positive for IAV and 73.9% of these were positive for H9N2 subtypes. Two (0.83%) poultry workers had evidence of IAV, and both were also H9N2 subtypes. The poultry and human IAV-positive specimens all clustered phylogenetically by Sanger and next-generation sequencing with previously detected H9N2 poultry isolates. No field specimens were positive for IDV.
Conclusion: H9N2 IAV is likely enzootic in Punjab Province Pakistan's live bird markets and may be colonizing the noses of workers and market visitors. Regular monitoring for avian influenza-associated human illness in Punjab seems to be a needed public measure.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107146 | DOI Listing |
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