Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) is the most popular tool in gene editing; however, off-target mutagenesis is one of the biggest impediments in its application. In our previous study, we proposed the HH theory, which states that sgRNA/DNA hybrid (hybrid) extrusion-induced enhancement of hydrophobic interactions between the hybrid and REC3/HNH is a key factor in cleavage initiation. Based on the HH theory, we analyzed the interactions between the REC3 domain and hybrid and obtained 8 mutant sites. We designed 8 SpCas9 variants (V1-V8), used digital droplet PCR to assess SpCas9-induced DNA indels in human cells, and developed high-fidelity variants. Thus, the HH theory may be employed to further optimize SpCas9-mediated genome editing systems, and the resultant V3, V6, V7, and V8 SpCas9 variants may be valuable for applications requiring high-precision genome editing.
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Article Synopsis
- CRISPR/Cas9 technology is effective for gene editing, but concerns about off-target effects remain significant, prompting research into more specific Cas9 variants.
- A study compared the specific Cas9 from Francisella novicida (FnCas9) with the commonly used SpCas9 using advanced simulations to understand differences in their ability to target DNA accurately.
- Findings showed that FnCas9's superior accuracy comes from its unique structural rearrangements and domain interactions rather than changes in the RNA:DNA hybrid, providing insights for developing Cas9 variants with enhanced precision for genome editing.
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