is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, and its prevalence in potable water is a significant public health issue. Water stagnation within buildings increases the risk of However, there are limited studies investigating how stagnation arising through intermittent usage affects proliferation and the studies that are available do not consider viable but non culturable (VBNC) . This study used a model plumbing system to examine how intermittent water stagnation affects both VBNC and culturable . The model plumbing system contained a water tank supplying two biofilm reactors. The model was initially left stagnant for ≈5 months (147 days), after which one reactor was flushed daily, and the other weekly. Biofilm coupons, and water samples were collected for analysis at days 0, 14 and 28. These samples were analysed for culturable and VBNC , free-living amoebae, and heterotrophic bacteria. After 28 days, once-a-day flushing significantly ( < 0.001) reduced the amount of biofilm-associated culturable (1.5 log reduction) compared with weekly flushing. However, higher counts of biofilm-associated VBNC (1 log higher) were recovered from the reactor with once-a-day flushing compared with weekly flushing. Likewise, once-a-day flushing increased the population of biofilm-associated (approximately 3 log higher) compared with weekly flushing, which indicated a positive relationship between VBNC and . This is the first study to investigate the influence of stagnation on VBNC under environmental conditions. Overall, this study showed that a reduction in water stagnation decreased culturable but not VBNC .
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32334 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
January 2025
Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences (AIES), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, 201313, India.
This study focused on simulating the adsorption-based separation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye utilising Oryza sativa straw biomass (OSSB). Three distinct modelling approaches were employed: artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and response surface methodology (RSM). To evaluate the adsorbent's potential, assessments were conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2025
Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Charsadda, 24420, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Wastewater is commonly contaminated with many pharmaceutical pollutants, so an efficient purification method is required for their removal from wastewater. In this regard, an innovative tertiary Se/SnO@CMC/Fe-GA nanocomposite was synthesized through encapsulation of metal organic frameworks (Fe-glutaric acid) onto Se/SnO-embedded-sodium carboxy methyl cellulose matrix to thoroughly evaluate its effectiveness for adsorption of levofloxacin drug from wastewater. The prepared Se/SnO@CMC/Fe-GA nanocomposite was analyzed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to valuate optical property, size, morphology, thermal stability, and chemical composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2025
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
In this study, an efficient membrane composed of polysulfone and graphene oxide was developed and evaluated for its efficacy in chromium adsorption. Characterization of the synthesized membrane involved comprehensive analyses including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess its structural properties. Subsequently, the membrane's performance in removing chromium from aqueous solutions was scrutinized, considering key operational parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address:
Extensive research across European cities underscores the importance of assessing urbanization's impact on flood risk, focusing on river-induced floods and impermeable areas. Using advanced statistical tools, we investigated urban green coverage, Urban Morphological Zones (UMZ), and sealing (imperviousness) levels and effects. Our analysis found that Continuous Urban Fabric (sealed surface >80%) and Discontinuous Dense Urban Fabric (sealed surface 50%-80%) showed negative relationships within river flooding risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBull Environ Contam Toxicol
January 2025
College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
The pollutants after were discharged into the water can gradually degrade through the self-purification. The oxygen consumption and pollutant degradation rates characterize the self-purification of small and medium-sized streams, while the dynamics of the two characteristics for large rivers has not been reported yet. The in-situ investigation for 297 sites in the 1700 km stream of the Yangtze River was conducted.
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