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S-ketamine alleviates morphine-induced hyperalgesia via decreasing the gut Enterobacteriaceae levels: Comparison with R-ketamine.
Neuroscience
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. Electronic address:
Background: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a serious complication during the pain treatment. Ketamine has been commonly reported to treat OIH, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota is recently recognized as one of the important mechanisms underlying the occurrence and treatment of OIH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMyelin Repair as a Novel Mechanism for Ketamine's Sustained Antidepressant Effects.
Curr Neuropharmacol
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder, affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. Despite decades of research into the underlying mechanisms of depression, a consensus remains elusive. Recent studies have implicated changes in oligodendrocytes and myelin in the pathogenesis of depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRedefining Ketamine Pharmacology for Antidepressant Action: Synergistic NMDA and Opioid Receptor Interactions?
Am J Psychiatry
January 2025
Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Section, NIDA, Baltimore (Levinstein, Budinich, Michaelides); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona (Bonaventura); Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona (Bonaventura); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (Schatzberg); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda (Zarate); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Michaelides).
Ketamine is a racemic compound and medication comprised of ()-ketamine and ()-ketamine enantiomers and its metabolites. It has been used for decades as a dissociative anesthetic, analgesic, and recreational drug. More recently, ketamine, its enantiomers, and its metabolites have been used or are being investigated for the treatment of refractory depression, as well as for comorbid disorders such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and opioid use disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComputer Simulation of Sulfated Cyclodextrin-Based Enantioselective Separation of Weak Bases With Partial, High-Concentration Filling of the Chiral Selector and Analyte Detection on the Cathodic Side.
Electrophoresis
January 2025
Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Computer simulation was utilized to characterize the electrophoretic processes occurring during the enantioselective capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of ketamine, norketamine, and hydroxynorketamine in a system with partial filling of the capillary with 19 mM (equals 5%) of highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin (HS-γ-CD) and analyte detection on the cathodic side. Provided that the sample is applied without or with a small amount of the chiral selector, analytes become quickly focused and separated in the thereby formed HS-γ-CD gradient at the cathodic end of the sample compartment. This gradient broadens with time, remains stationary, and gradually reduces its span from the lower side due to diffusion such that analytes with high affinity to the anionic selector become released onto the other side of the focusing gradient where anionic migration and defocusing occur concomitantly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsights for the Next Generation of Ketamine for the Treatment of Depressive Disorder.
J Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States.
Treatment-resistant depression responds quickly to ketamine. As an -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, ketamine may affect prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons. Recent investigations reveal that the ()-enantiomer is the most effective and least abuseable antidepressant.
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