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Due to limitations in current motion tracking technologies and increasing interest in alternative sensors for motion tracking both inside and outside the MRI system, in this study we share our preliminary experience with three alternative sensors utilizing diverse technologies and interactions with tissue to monitor motion of the body surface, respiratory-related motion of major organs, and non-respiratory motion of deep-seated organs. These consist of (1) a Pilot-Tone RF transmitter combined with deep learning algorithms for tracking liver motion, (2) a single-channel ultrasound transducer with deep learning for monitoring bladder motion, and (3) a 3D Time-of-Flight camera for observing the motion of the anterior torso surface. Additionally, we demonstrate the capability of these sensors to simultaneously capture motion data outside the MRI environment, which is particularly relevant for procedures like radiation therapy, where motion status could be related to previously characterized cyclical anatomical data. Our findings indicate that the ultrasound sensor can track motion in deep-seated organs (bladder) as well as respiratory-related motion. The Time-of-Flight camera offers ease of interpretation and performs well in detecting surface motion (respiration). The Pilot-Tone demonstrates efficacy in tracking bulk respiratory motion and motion of major organs (liver). Simultaneous use of all three sensors could provide complementary motion information outside the MRI bore, providing potential value for motion tracking during position-sensitive treatments such as radiation therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24123710 | DOI Listing |
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
December 2024
School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, England, YO10 5DD, UK.
Multipolar quantum optics deals with the interaction of light with matter as a many-body bound system of charged particles where the coupling to electromagnetic fields is in terms of the multipolar electric polarization and magnetization. We describe two transformations applied to the conventional non-relativistic formalism, namely a gauge transformation applied directly to the fields at the Lagrangian stage and a unitary transformation applied to the old Hamiltonian. We show how such transformations lead to the same Power-Zienau-Woolley (PZW) formulation of the quantum electrodynamics (QED) of an overall electrically neutral many-body bound system of charges, including the internal motion as well as the gross dynamics of the centre of mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContact (Thousand Oaks)
December 2024
Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Lipid droplets frequently form contact sites with the membrane of the vacuole, the lysosome-like organelle in yeast. These vacuole lipid droplet (vCLIP) contact sites respond strongly to metabolic cues: while only a subset of lipid droplets is bound to the vacuole when nutrients are abundant, other metabolic states induce stronger contact site formation. Physical lipid droplet-vacuole binding is related to the process of lipophagy, a lipid droplet-specific form of microautophagy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Bioeng Biotechnol
December 2024
Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
Background: Anterior tibial laxity is considered to be a risk factor for knee injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction also aims to restore anterior tibial laxity. While anterior tibial laxity is considered to be linked to dynamic knee stability, the mechanisms connecting anterior tibial laxity to these stability issues are not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, GBR.
Bone healing is a complex, dynamic process involving a series of well-coordinated stages, influenced by both mechanical and biological factors. The skeletal system, composed of inorganic (36%), organic (36%), and water (28%) components by volume, plays a crucial role in maintaining structural integrity and mineral homeostasis. Bone is classified into two main types based on microstructure: lamellar and woven bone, with lamellar bone being stronger and more durable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch (Wash D C)
December 2024
School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Living microorganisms can perform directed migration for foraging in response to a chemoattractant gradient. We report a biomimetic strategy that rotary FF-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)-propelled flasklike colloidal motors exhibit positive chemotaxis resembling the chemotactic behavior of bacteria. The streamlined flasklike colloidal particles are fabricated through polymerization, expansion, surface rupture, and re-polymerizing nanoemulsions composed of triblock copolymers and ribose.
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