[Expression of miR-142 and its relationship with Th17/Treg imbalance in children with autoimmune thyroid disease].

Objectives: To investigate the expression of microRNA-142 (miR-142) in children with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and its relationship with the imbalance of helper T cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg).

Methods: A total of 89 children hospitalized for AITD from January 2019 to December 2022 were prospectively selected as the study subjects, including 48 children with Graves' disease (GD group) and 41 children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT group). Additionally, 55 healthy children undergoing physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. The differences in serum miR-142, antithyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), Th17/Treg, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression were compared among the groups.

Results: The expression of miR-142, TPOAb, TGAb, Th17, Th17/Treg, and IL-17 in the GD group and HT group was higher than that in the control group, while Treg was lower than that in the control group (<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that in the GD group, miR-142 was positively correlated with TPOAb, TGAb, Th17, Th17/Treg, and IL-17 (=0.711, 0.728, 0.785, 0.716, 0.709, respectively; <0.001) and negatively correlated with Treg (=-0.725, <0.001); in the HT group, miR-142 was positively correlated with TPOAb and TGAb (=0.752, 0.717, respectively; <0.001).

Conclusions: miR-142 is highly expressed in children with AITD, and its expression may be related to the Th17/Treg imbalance in children with GD.