Causal Relationship Between Circulating Immune Cells and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Am J Reprod Immunol

Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.

Published: June 2024

AI Article Synopsis

  • Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a complex pregnancy issue influenced by various factors, especially immunologic ones, and this study investigates the role of immune cells in RSA.
  • The researchers conducted a Mendelian randomization study analyzing 731 immune cell types to determine their causal effects on spontaneous abortions and recurrent miscarriages, while also addressing potential biases.
  • The study found eight immune cell markers significantly linked to spontaneous abortions and identified two markers related to recurrent miscarriage, demonstrating a clear immune component in these reproductive challenges without signs of bias or alternative explanations.

Article Abstract

Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a serious and common complication of pregnancy caused by multiple factors. The etiology remains incompletely understood, but immunologic factors play important roles. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether circulating immune cells causally impacted RSA.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to determine the causal association between the 731 immunophenotypes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the number of spontaneous abortions as well as recurrent miscarriage. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess and minimize heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Reverse MR analysis was used to assess reverse causality.

Results: After Bonferroni-correction, eight immunophenotypes were significantly associated with the number of spontaneous abortions: FSC-A on CD4 T cell (beta = -0.051, 95% CI = [-0.085, -0.017], P-value = 0.004), CD8 on HLA DR CD8 T cell (beta = -0.040, 95% CI = [-0.067, -0.014], P-value = 0.003), HLA DR on CD33 HLA DR CD11b (beta = -0.021, 95% CI = [-0.036, -0.005], P-value = 0.010), HLA DR T cell Absolute Count (beta = 0.022, 95% CI = [0.006, 0.037], P-value = 0.008), HLA DR T cell % lymphocyte (beta = 0.026, 95% CI = [0.010, 0.041], P-value = 0.001), HLA DR T cell % T cell (beta = 0.023, 95% CI = [0.007, 0.039], P-value = 0.004), HLA DR CD4 T cell % lymphocyte (beta = 0.034, 95% CI = [0.007, 0.060], P-value = 0.012), and HLA DR on B cell (beta = 0.012, 95% CI = [0.003, 0.021], P-value = 0.010). In addition, we identified two immunophenotypes associated with recurrent miscarriage: HLA DR on B cell (OR = 0.854, 95% CI = [0.757, 0.964], P-value = 0.011), and CD19 on naive-mature B cell (OR = 4.595, 95% CI = [1.674, 12.617], P-value = 0.003). There was no evidence of heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy and reverse causality.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a tight link between adaptive immune cells and RSA through genetic means, thus providing potential therapeutic targets or novel diagnostic biomarkers.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aji.13888DOI Listing

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