Characteristics and Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes of the Aphid Genus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae).

Using Illumina sequencing technology, we generated complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three constituent species of the aphid genus Koch, (Blanchard), Ghulamullah, and (Geoffroy). The sizes of the mitogenomes range from 15,306 to 15,410 bp, primarily due to variations in the length of non-coding regions. The mitogenomes consist of 37 coding genes arranged in the order of the ancestral insect mitogenome, a control region, and a repeat region between and According to the COI-based analysis, one previously reported mitogenome of should be assigned to . The gene order, nucleotide composition, and codon usage in the mitogenomes are highly conserved and similar to those of other species of Aphidinae. The tandem repeat units differ in nucleotide composition, length, and copy number across three species. Within the widespread Eurasian species , variation in repeat units among different geographic populations is observed, indicating that the repeat region may provide valuable insights for studying the intraspecific diversification of aphids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 28 complete mitogenomes of Aphidinae supported the monophyly of Aphidinae, Aphidini, Macrosiphini, and two subtribes of Aphidini. was monophyletic. and formed a sister group, while was placed basally. Characterization of the mitogenomes of provides valuable resources for further comparative studies and for advancing our understanding of the aphid mitogenome architecture.